The Determinants of the Global Mobile Telephone Deployment: An Empirical Analysis

This study aims to analyze the global mobile phones by examining the instruments stimulating the diffusion pattern. A rigorous demand model is estimated using global mobile telecommu-nications panel dataset comprised with 51 countries classified in order to World Bank income categories from 1990-2007. In particular, the paper examines what factors contribute the most to the deployment of global mobile telephones. To construct an econometric model, the number of subscribers to mobile phone per 100 inhabitants is taken as dependent variable, while the following groups of variables (1) GDP per capita income and charges, (2) competition policies (3) telecom infrastructure (4) technological innovations (5) others are selected as independent variables. Estimation results report the presence of substantial disparity among groups. Additionally GDP per capita income and own-price elasticity comprised with call rate, subscription charges, are reported. The analysis of impulse responses for price, competition policies, and technological innovations such as digitalization of mobile network, mobile network coverage indicates that substantial mobile telephone growth is yet to be realized especially in developing countries. A new and important empirical finding is that there are still many opportunities available for mobile phone development in the world pro-poor nations by providing better telecom infrastructure.Mobile Phone Adoption, 3G, Technological Innovations, Competition Policy, Panel Data Analysis, Digital Divide

Next Generation Mobile Phones Adoption: From the Viewpoint of Technology and Service Innovation

兵庫県立大学大学院201

Empirical Study of Effect of Deregulation, Competition, and Contents on Mobile Phone Diffusion: Case of the Japanese 3G Market

The Japanese mobile market has recently shown a remarkable growth in the last decade, with more than 106.2 million 3G (3rd Generation, or W-CDMA) subscribers and 4.4 million 2G (2nd Generation, or PDC) as of December 2009. This paper attempts to analyze factors promoting Japanese mobile phone, focusing on 3G technologies. Factors promoting it can be summarized as follows: (1) deregulations by government, such as MNP (Mobile Number Portability) and collocation; (2) competition among carriers, such as introduction of new charge plans; (3) technological development, such as connection speed; and (4) contents and applications. This paper utilizes the panel data of three main carriers of the mobile phone market, namely, NTTdocomo, au (KDDI), and Softbank. As for a model for estimation, we apply that of Madden and Coble-Neal [2004] which studied the relationship between fixed and mobile phone with the panel data by the dynamic random effects estimation. Dynamic models are based not only on the assumption such that carriers do not instantaneously adjust to satisfy their long-term demand but also on network externalities. Besides, the paper applies a dynamic panel data model in order to take care of the endogeneity problem. This paper deals with this problem rigorously by applying Arellano-Bond estimator (Arellano and Bond [1991] and Arellano and Bover [1995]) which estimates exogeneous or predetermined variables, in addition to instrumental variables, using the two-step generalized method of moments (GMM). Based on this framework, this paper identifies service innovations such as entertainment, flat rate charges are found significant for the 3G mobile phone diffusion. --dynamic panel data analysis,competition policy,network externalities,endogeneity,m-commerce,e-entertainment,MNP

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Competition and Innovation in Telecom Sector: Empirical Evidence from OECD Countries

The paper aims to analyze the effect of competition and innovation in OECD next-generation mobile phones (as a proxy for telecom sector) by examining factors affecting the diffusion pattern. A rigorous econometric model is estimated using the mobile telecommunications panel dataset comprised with the 19 OECD countries where at least 80% data are covered. The econometric model categorizes the variables as: (1) GDP per capita income and mobile user cost, (2) competition policies (3) telecom infrastructure (4) technological innovations (5) others such as role of MVNO (mobile virtual network operators), multiple standards for 3G as for the appropriateness of the outcome. The study represents country specific influence in terms of mobile contents and technological innovations. A new and important empirical finding is that there are still many opportunities available for mobile network operators (MNO) in this region by providing better telecom infrastructure to support technological innovations and to upheaval decreasing trend of average revenue per user (ARPU). Besides, the most important factors are identified as high speeds and necessary time require for porting mobile number

Variable coefficient exact solution of Sharma–Tasso–Olver model by enhanced modified simple equation method

This article presents variable coefficients solution in the form of soliton, bell shape solution, periodic solution, parabolic periodic soliton of Sharma–Tasso–Olver equation which fundamentally apply to the fission and fusion mechanism of particle in nuclear physics. Solitary wave takes the leading position in electromagnetic field, atomic quantum theory, theoretical relativistic relation etc. The enhanced modified simple equation (EMSE) method is used to generalize solitary wave solutions for Sharma–Tasso–Olver (STO) equation. The computational software maple 18 is used to derive the corresponding results in the 3D plot, density plot and counter plots for the different types of time function used in EMSE scheme

New soliton solutions and modulation instability analysis of the regularized long-wave equation in the conformable sense

In this manuscript, we explore the solitary soliton of the regularized long-wave (RLW) equation which involving with weedy nonlinearity effects and dispersion relations which arises in shallow water, phonon packets in crystals, plasma wave and ion auditory waves. To execute the soliton solutions, we applied the advance Exp( − φ(ξ)) expansion method and the new form of modified Kudryashov's technique with conformable derivative from the fractional RLW model. For the explanation of the nature of RLW model, we obtained some behavior such as on the obtained solitons as bell-wave, rogue wave, periodic and double-periodic waves. This article offered the effects of conformable derivative to check the stability of the obtained phenomena. To check the stability of this model, we use the modulation instability analysis also. This work has a decent sense to endorse the extensive proposal of the model. Some 3-D and 2-D plots with their graphical explanation provides this research to characterized the obtained waves of RLW model